Introduction

The ROBO-ESP32 is a beginner-friendly robotics controller powered by the ESP32 microcontroller, designed by Cytron Technologies Sdn Bhd. With built-in WiFi, Bluetooth, motor drivers, and versatile connectors, it simplifies robot building for students, makers, and hobbyists. This article, tailored for the Cytron support team, provides a detailed overview of the ROBO-ESP32’s features, specifications, and common support scenarios based on the provided product description and datasheet (Rev 1.0, May 2025). It aims to equip the support team with the knowledge to assist customers effectively.

1. Product Overview

The ROBO-ESP32 is designed for seamless integration with the 30-pin NodeMCU ESP32, offering a robust platform for robotics, IoT, and automation projects. Its key features include wireless connectivity, easy-to-use connectors, and compatibility with multiple programming environments, making it ideal for Final Year Projects (FYP) and prototyping.

Key Features

  • Microcontroller: Compatible with NodeMCU ESP32 (30-pin straight header).
  • Wireless Connectivity: Built-in WiFi and Bluetooth for wireless control.
  • Connectors: 7x Grove ports (I2C, digital, analogue, SPI, UART), 1x Maker Port (JST-SH 4-way), 4x servo ports, and 2x DC motor terminals.
  • Motor Control: Built-in motor driver for 2 DC motors (1A continuous current per channel) or 4 servo motors, with motor test buttons and status LEDs.
  • Programming: Supports Arduino IDE, MicroPython, C++, and MicroBlocks (visual programming, coming soon).
  • Power Options: USB (5V), single-cell LiPo/Li-Ion battery, or VIN (3.6–6V) with automatic power selection and onboard charger.
  • Additional Features: 10x GPIO status LEDs, 2x RGB LEDs (Neopixel compatible), 2x programmable buttons, piezo buzzer with mute switch, and mounting holes (4x 4.8mm, 4x M3 screw).
  • Warranty: 12 months.

Support Notes

  • Confirm with customers that they are using the correct 30-pin NodeMCU ESP32, as other configurations are incompatible (refer to datasheet Section 2).
  • Highlight the board’s beginner-friendly features, such as plug-and-play Grove ports and motor test buttons, when assisting new users.
  • For warranty inquiries, note the 12-month period and refer to the datasheet’s disclaimer regarding unauthorised use in life support systems.

2. Board Layout and Connectivity

The ROBO-ESP32 is designed for easy hardware integration, minimising setup time and complexity.

Grove Ports

  • Quantity: 7x Grove ports supporting I2C (compatible with Grove, Qwiic, STEMMA QT), digital, analogue, SPI, and UART.
  • Functionality: Foolproof, secure connections for sensors and modules without soldering.
  • Support Notes:
    • Assist customers in identifying compatible Grove modules (e.g., sensors, displays) and their pin configurations.
    • If connection issues arise, verify proper insertion of Grove cables and check for pin conflicts using the pinout diagram (datasheet Figure 2).

Maker Port

  • Details: 1x JST-SH 4-way connector for additional peripheral connections.
  • Support Notes: Provide guidance on compatible JST-SH modules and ensure customers use the correct pin assignments.

GPIO Breakout

  • Details: Full access to NodeMCU ESP32’s 30 GPIOs with 10x status indicator LEDs for real-time monitoring.
  • Support Notes: Help customers troubleshoot GPIO issues by referencing the pinout diagram and checking for proper voltage levels (3.3V logic).

Reset and Programmable Buttons

  • Details: Built-in reset button for quick restarts and 2x programmable buttons for custom functionality.
  • Support Notes: Advise users to use the reset button for troubleshooting software freezes without disconnecting the USB.

3. Motor and Servo Control

The ROBO-ESP32 simplifies motor and servo control for robotics applications.

Motor Driver

  • Capacity: Controls 2 DC motors (1A continuous current per channel) or 4 servo motors simultaneously.
  • Features:
    • Motor output indicator LEDs for real-time status.
    • Motor test buttons for code-free functionality checks.
    • Direction control via motor connection swapping (Mxa, Mxb; see datasheet Table 1).
  • Support Notes:
    • Guide customers on using motor test buttons for initial setup and troubleshooting.
    • Refer to the motor driver truth table (datasheet Section 4) for logic levels and direction control.
    • Ensure motor voltage (Vmotor) matches the external power supply (3.6–6V).

Servo Ports

  • Details: 4x dedicated servo ports for precise control.
  • Support Notes: Recommend compatible servo motors and verify PWM signal settings in the customer’s code.

4. Power Management

The ROBO-ESP32 offers flexible power options for ease of use.

Power Input Options

  • Sources: USB (5V), single-cell LiPo/Li-Ion battery, or VIN terminals (3.6–6V).
  • Automatic Selection:  Onboard circuit prioritizes power source automatically.
  • LiPo Charger: Built-in charger with over-charge and over-discharge protection.
  • Power Switch: On/off switch with status LED for convenient control.

Support Notes

  • If power issues occur, check the power tree (datasheet Figure 5) to ensure the correct input source and voltage.
  • Advise customers to use only one power source at a time to avoid conflicts.
  • For battery-powered setups, confirm the battery is single-cell LiPo/Li-Ion and within the 3.6–6V range.

5. Programming Environments

The ROBO-ESP32 supports multiple programming platforms, catering to various skill levels.

Supported Platforms

  • Arduino IDE: For advanced control using C/C++.
  • MicroPython: For Python-based scripting.
  • MicroBlocks: Visual programming for beginners (support coming soon).
  • C++: For low-level programming.

Support Notes

  • Provide sample Arduino sketches or MicroPython code for common tasks (e.g., motor control, sensor reading) from tutorials.
  • For MicroBlocks inquiries, inform customers that support is forthcoming and suggest Arduino IDE or MicroPython for immediate use.
  • Assist with IDE setup and library installation, ensuring compatibility with ESP32 boards.

6. Packing List

The ROBO-ESP32 package includes:

  • 1x ROBO-ESP32 board
  • 1x Transparent Phillips Head Screwdriver
  • 1x Silicone Rubber Feet (Pack of 4)
  • 4x Grove to Female Header Cable

Support Notes

  • Verify with customers that all components are included upon receipt.
  • Explain the use of Grove to female header cables for connecting non-Grove modules to Grove ports.

7. Common Support Scenarios

Compatibility Issues

  • Issue: Incorrect ESP32 module used.
  • Resolution: Confirm the use of a 30-pin straight header NodeMCU ESP32. Share the pinout diagram (datasheet Figure 2).

Motor/Servo Malfunction

  • Issue: Motors or servos not responding or moving incorrectly.
  • Resolution: Use motor test buttons to verify functionality. Check connections (Mxa, Mxb) and refer to the motor driver truth table. For servos, validate PWM settings.

Power Supply Problems

  • Issue: Board fails to power on or exhibits unstable behavior.
  • Resolution: Confirm the power source (USB, LiPo, or VIN) is within specifications (3.6–6V). Check the power switch and status LED. Refer to the power tree (datasheet Figure 5).

Grove Port Issues

  • Issue: Sensors or modules not detected.
  • Resolution: Ensure secure Grove cable connections and correct protocol (I2C, analogue, etc.). Verify GPIO assignments and voltage levels.

Programming Errors

  • Issue: The Code fails to run or produces unexpected results.
  • Resolution: Confirm the correct board is selected in the IDE (NodeMCU ESP32). Provide sample code from Cytron’s website and check for library conflicts.

8. Legal and Warranty Information

  • Warranty: 12 months from purchase.

Conclusion

The ROBO-ESP32 is a versatile, beginner-friendly platform for robotics and IoT projects, offering robust features like wireless connectivity, easy-to-use connectors, and flexible power options. By understanding its specifications, connectivity, motor control, and programming capabilities, the Cytron support team can provide effective assistance. Always direct customers to the official website and datasheet for additional resources and ensure they are aware of warranty and usage limitations.